When companies make money, they give away part of these earnings to their shareholders. These declared earnings are called dividends. They come in the form of money (cash), stocks and a less likely form of assets.
The company has to be in a secure position to declare dividends. Once the declaration is made, then they issue a press release stating the Dividend Per Share, or how much they are giving out per share held.
Dividends are also sometimes declared on specific class of shares. Sometimes the company pays out preferred shareholders, and sometimes they pay out both preferred and common shareholders. They are not obliged to pay out dividends until they make a formal declaration.
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